|
Chief Red Eagle William Weatherford, also known as ''Lamochattee'' (Red Eagle) (c. 1780 or 1781〔Griffith, Jr., Benjamin W. ''McIntosh and Weatherford, Creek Indian Leaders,'' Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, 1988, pp. 5, 10-11 (online edition )〕 – March 24, 1824), was a Creek chief of the Upper Creek towns who led the Red Sticks' offensive in the Creek War (1813–1814) against the United States. One of many mixed-race descendants of Southeast Indians who intermarried with European traders and later colonial settlers, William Weatherford was of mixed Creek, French and Scots ancestry. He was raised as a Creek in the matrilineal nation and achieved his power in it, through his mother's prominent Wind Clan, as well as his father's trading connections. After the war, he rebuilt his wealth as a slaveholding planter in lower Monroe County, Alabama. ''Note:'' Several sources state that Weatherford was born in 1765, the date recorded on his tombstone, located in Little River, Baldwin County, Alabama. Many sources state that his mother, Sehoy III, was born in 1759. Also, his siblings were born in the 1780s. It seems most likely that Weatherford's year of birth would be closer to 1780 or 1781.〔 ==Early life and education== William Weatherford was born near the Upper Creek towns of ''Coosauda'' (a Koasati Indian Town, now Coosada) and Hickory Ground (Wetumpka), to Sehoy III, a high-status woman of the Wind Clan (''Hutalgalgi''), and Charles Weatherford, a Scots trader known for his red hair. Sehoy III was of Creek, French and possibly Scottish descent. As the Creek had a matrilineal kinship system, Sehoy III's children were considered born into her clan and absorbed into the tribe. Her clan status, the same as her male clan relatives, secured the status of her children. Property and inheritance were passed through the maternal line. In this kinship system, a boy's maternal uncle was more important to his upbringing than his biological father. Charles Weatherford had a trading post near the Creek village, and developed a plantation, as well as raising thoroughbred horses for racing.〔, Electric Scotland〕 As a boy William ("Billy") Weatherford was called ''Lamochattee'', or ''Red Eagle'', by the Creek. After he showed his skill as a warrior, he was given the "war name" of ''Hopnicafutsahia'', or "Truth Teller." He was the great-grandson of Jean Baptiste Louis DeCourtel Marchand, the French commanding officer of Fort Toulouse and his wife Sehoy, a Creek of mixed race.〔(The Creek Families 3B )〕 On his mother's side, he was also a nephew of the mixed-race Creek chief, Alexander McGillivray,〔("Andrew Jackson" ), ''A History of Florida,'' University of South Florida〕 who was prominent in the Upper Creek towns. Through his mother's family, Weatherford was a cousin of William McIntosh, who became a chief of the Lower Creek towns. The Lower Creek, who comprised the majority of population, lived closer to the European Americans and had intermarried with them. They were adopting more of their ways, as well as getting connected to the market economy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Weatherford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|